1.Since the joint gap between a piston and a cylinder has great influence on the service life of an engine, and the primary factor influencing the joint gap is the deformation of a piston under working condition, it is important to show up the actual deformation of piston and for this purpose the finite element has been widely applied to analyze it numerically in China.活塞与气缸的配合间隙，对于发动机的使用寿命影响很大，影响配合间隙的主要因素是活塞在状态下的变形。真实反映活塞变形情况，国内已广泛采用有限元法进行数值分析。
2.The action of air on an airplane in flight at low altitude is greater than that at high altitude.空气对于低空飞行飞机的作用力大于高空飞行的飞机。
nucleonics（核子学）, semisomnus（半昏迷）, autoradiography（自动射线照相术）
radiophotography（无线电传真）, anti-armored-fighting-vehicle-missile（反装甲导弹）
FM (frequency modulation 调频), telesat (telecommunications satellite通讯卫星)
the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves（通过无线电波来发射和接受活动物体的图像）;llumination intensity determination（照明强度测定）；the generation of heat by friction（摩擦生热）；
3.The action of air on an airplane in flight at low altitude is greater than that at high altitude.空气对于低空飞行飞机的作用力大于高空飞行的飞机。
antibody（抗体）, semisynthetic（半合成的）, futurology（未来学）
teleprinter +exchange – telex（电传）, biological + rhythm – biorhythm（生理节奏）
AC (alternating current交流电), DC(direct current直流电),CCTV(closed circuit television闭路电视)
bsorption coefficient（吸收系数）, 2)adapter cable（适配电缆）, 3)air condenser（空气冷凝器）, 4)air conditioner（空调）, 5)alternating current, 6)automatic control（自动控制）, 7) accumulator（蓄电池）, 8) analog computer（模拟计算机）
synchronous even pressure tamping system同步稳压捣固系统
non-synchronous even pressure tamping system异步稳压捣固系统
a) show the material related to something（表明与某种物体有联系的材料）; b)prescribe the head nouns without any relationship between them and the given material or substance（规定与这种材料或物质没有必然联系的核心词）
e.g. cane sugar 蔗糖 coal gas煤气 oil film油膜 saw dust锯木屑
steel mill（轧钢厂）, copper mill（轧铜厂）, paper mill（造纸厂）
computer factory oil well（油井） rubber tree（橡胶树） tear gas（催泪瓦斯）
air drill风钻 battery car电池汽车 oil control油压控制器 spring governor弹簧调速器
bed post床架 motor drive电机驱动装置 oscillator plate 振荡片 table leg桌子脚
blinker light闪光灯 pine tree 松树 resistant element电阻元件
block switch闭路开关 oil way油路 safety valve安全阀
blank bill空白票据 square coil矩形线圈 fixed point定点 floating point浮点 black pigment黑颜料 dark room暗室
butterfly nut蝶形螺母 butterfly valve 蝶形阀 catfish猫头鱼 H-cable H型电缆 U-steel槽钢 V-belt三角皮带
4.Prefixes
| a- | 非、不 | asymmetry非对称性astray偏离 |
| aero- | 空气、飞机 | aerodynamics空气动力学, aero-craft carrier航空母舰 |
| all- | 全 | all-weather全天候的, all-round champion全能冠军 |
| anti- | 反、防、抗 | antifreeze防冻的, antidote解毒药 |
| astro- | 天文、宇宙 | Astronavigation天文导航, astrovehicle宇宙飞行器 |
| auto- | 自动 | autocoder自动编码器, autochart自动流程图 |
| bi- | 双、重 | bipolar relay双极继电器, bicarbonate重碳酸盐 |
| bio- | 生物 | bionics仿生学, biocatalyst生物催化剂 |
| cine- | 电影 | cinefilm电影胶片 |
| co- | 共、同 | coaxial cable同轴电缆 |
| contro- | 反、逆 | controflow逆流 |
| counter- | 反、逆 | counteractant中和剂 |
| de- | 除、脱 | defroster除霜剂,derailment脱轨 |
| deci- | 十分之一、分 | decimal十进制 |
| di- | 双、偶、两 | diode二极管 dibit两位 |
| du- | 二、双 | duplicate复制 |
| equi- | 同等、均 | equilibrium均等 |
| ferro- | 铁、钢 | ferroalloy 铁合金 |
| gyro- | 陀螺、旋转 | gyroscope陀螺仪 |
| hecto- | 百 | hectare公顷 hectoliter百升 |
| hemi- | 半 | hemisphere半球 |
| hepta- | 七 | heptagon七角形 |
| hexa- | 六 | hexagon六角形 |
| homo- | 同、相似 | homochromic同色的 homoclimate相同气候 |
| hydro- | 水、氢化 | hydroelectric locomotive液力传动内燃机车 |
| hyper- | 高、超、重 | hypertension高血压 hypervelocity超高速 |
| infra- | 下、亚、次 | infrared rays红外线 infrastructure地基 |
| inter- | 相互、际间 | intercity train城际列车 |
| iso- | 等、同 | isotherm等温线 isotope同位素 |
| macro- | 宏观、常量 | macrocontrol宏观调控 macroanalysis常量分析 |
| mal- | 不、失 | malnutrition营养不良 malfunction失灵 |
| mega- | 兆、百万 | megaton百万吨级 |
| micro- | 微观 | microelectronics微电子学 |
| mono- | 单、一 | monoblock prestressed concrete sleeper整体预应力混凝土轨枕 |
| multi- | 多 | Multi-frequency locomotive多频电力机车 |
| ortho- | 正、直 | orthocentre垂心 orthograph正投影图 |
| over- | 过、超 | overexposure曝光过渡 |
| photo- | 光电、光敏 | photosynthesis光合作用 photoreceptor感光器 |
| poly- | 多、聚 | polymer聚合物 polysulphide聚硫化物 |
| post- | 后 | postmeridian午后 |
| pseudo- | 伪、假 | pseudo-program伪程序 |
| quadr- | 四、两次 | quadraphonics四声道立体声 |
| quasi- | 准、拟 | quasi-high-speed准高速 quasi-ordering拟序 |
| semi- | 半 | semi-trailer半挂车 |
| stereo- | 立体的 | stereophone立体声耳机 |
| sub- | 子、亚 | subsoil亚土层 |
| super- | 超 | super-streamlined train 高级流线型列车 |
| tele- | 远 | telemetry遥测术 |
| thermo- | 热 | thermostat恒温器 thermoscreen隔热屏 |
| trans- | 超越、变换 | Transparency透明度 |
| tri/ter- | 三 | Tertiary第三产业 |
| ultra- | 超过 | ultrasonic rail detector超音速钢轨探测仪 |
5.Suffixes
| suffixes | meanings | examples |
| -er/or | 器、机 | air-oil booster气-液增压器 air compressor空气压缩机 |
| -ite | 石、矿物 | granite花岗岩 sulphite亚硫酸盐 |
| -meter | 表、计 | speedmeter速度计 ohmmeter 电阻表 |
| -ity | 性、度 | absolute viscosity 绝对粘度track elasticity 轨道弹性 |
| -scope | 仪、镜 | spectroscope 光谱仪 telescope 望远镜 |
| -graph | 仪 | spectrograph 摄谱仪 |
band head光谱带头，brake head闸瓦托，cable head电缆线盒，cross head十字头，distillation head蒸馏设备，fuel head油面高度，head banding磁头条带效应，head effect对地电容效应，headway车间距离，overhead间接费用，管理费
cutting face切削面，face cam端面凸轮，face hammer平锤 face shield面罩，face shovel正铲挖土机，face tooth端面铣刀，interface界面
camera eye摄像机取景孔，eye bolt有眼螺栓，eye diameter入口孔径，eye fidelity映像保真性，eye shade遮光眼罩
aeroplane nose飞机头部，nose wheel前轮，spindle nose轴端部，轴头，nose dive垂直俯冲，nose pipe放气管，nose piece喷嘴
centering jaw定心凸轮，gripper jaw夹爪，jaw brake爪闸 jaw clutch爪式离合器，jaw plate鄂板，jaw vice钳子，虎钳
cheek board边模板，crank cheek曲柄颊板，cheek teeth臼齿
joint tongue榫舌，switch tongue闸刀开关铜片，tongue scraper舌板式铲运机，整平机
hair compasses （微调）弹簧圆规，hair crack细裂缝，hair felt毛毡，cotton hair
hand brake手制动，hand lever手柄，hand radar便携式雷达hand tally 计数器
filler neck漏斗颈，goose necks鹅头桩，neck bearing弯颈轴承，swan neck鹅颈管，弯管
type shoulder胎缘，shoulder grader路肩用平地机
elbow bend弯头，elbow separator弯头脱水器，elbow union弯头套管，wave guide elbow波导时管
finger damp指型插销 clutch finger离合器压盘分离杆 clod finger冷凝管
aerocoil leg 起压架空气油压减震支柱 compression leg压柱 leg vice老虎钳
knee：knee pipe弯管，knee voltages曲线处电压，soft knee线缓变弯折处，tank knee舱底接角
heel block垫板，heel piece继电器跟片，heel slab后部底板，heel post门轴柱，柱脚
toe：toe bearing止推轴承，toe board搁脚板，toe crack焊缝边缘裂缝，toe dog小撑杆
kidney joint挠性接头 kidney-shaped transverse crack肾型横向裂纹